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Vesicoureteral Reflux FAQs

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Normally, urine flows from the kidneys to the ureter and into the bladder. With vesicoureteral reflux, urine flows backward from the bladder. Bacteria in the bladder can enter and damage the kidneys.

Is vesicoureteral reflux genetic?

It often runs in families. Kids whose parents or siblings had vesicoureteral reflux are at increased risk of developing the condition.

What causes vesicoureteral reflux in children?

Factors that can increase a child’s risk for vesicoureteral reflux include:

  • Age – Kids under age 2 are more likely to have reflux than older kids.
  • Bladder and bowel dysfunction – Kids who hold their urine and stool and have frequent UTIs can develop the disorder.
  • Family history – Vesicoureteral reflux often runs in families.
  • Race – White children have a high risk of developing reflux.
  • Sex – Girls have a higher risk of reflux than boys. But having the condition at birth is more common in boys.

What should parents of kids with vesicoureteral reflux look out for?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in kids with vesicoureteral reflux. UTIs don’t always cause symptoms, but signs can include:

  • Burning sensation when urinating
  • Cloudy urine
  • Fever
  • Pain in the side (flank) or abdomen
  • Passing small amounts of urine frequently
  • Strong, persistent urge to urinate

Infant UTI symptoms may include:

  • Irritability
  • Lack of appetite
  • Unexplained fever

How do you treat vesicoureteral reflux in children?

The condition may get better on its own, but treatment options include:

  • Observation – Kids with less severe reflux may be monitored by their Mercy doctor. Regular imaging and urine tests may be needed.
  • Preventive antibiotics – Some kids receive a low dose of antibiotics to decrease UTI risk as they grow.
  • Surgery – If reflux doesn’t get better on its own and a child has frequent UTIs with fever, surgery to repair the valve between the bladder and ureter may be needed.

Can vesicoureteral reflux in children be prevented?

Healthy bladder and bowel habits can prevent UTIs and keep vesicoureteral reflux from developing. Ways to reduce UTI risk include:

  • Avoid constipation – Constipation makes it hard to empty the bladder. Include high-fiber foods like fruits, vegetables and beans in your child’s diet. Make sure they stay hydrated.
  • Discourage kids from “holding it” – Kids should completely empty their bladder every two to three hours when awake. This keeps the bladder clean and helps prevent UTIs.
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