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Quick Facts:
Fort Smith
By Dr. Adetola Oshikoya
Mercy
During winter, many children experience an increase in infections, most notably ear infections and gastroenteritis, often called the “stomach flu.” However, respiratory tract infections are the most common illnesses in children during this season, with viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, adenovirus and influenza virus predominating. RSV and influenza are especially prevalent among infants and very young children.
Warning signs of these viral respiratory infections overlap, making it unreliable to differentiate them by the symptoms alone. Fever, cough, runny nose, sneezing and congestion are all common to influenza, RSV and the common cold. Studies confirm that while certain symptoms such as fever in influenza and shortness of breath in RSV may be more frequent, no single symptom can definitively distinguish between these viruses.
Parents should be vigilant and watch for warning signs that warrant immediate medical attention, including difficulty breathing, recurrent vomiting, inability to eat or drink with signs of dehydration (such as dry mouth, lethargy or decreased urine output) and a reduction in wet or poopy diapers in infants. These signs may indicate severe illness or complications.
Most respiratory tract infections are mild and can be managed at home by maintaining hydration, managing fever with Tylenol or Motrin and ensuring adequate rest and nutrition. Some misconceptions persist among parents regarding the need for antibiotics for viral illnesses; however, antibiotics are not indicated for viral respiratory infections and should be reserved for confirmed bacterial complications, such as ear infections or pneumonia.
Children are at higher risk for complications such as pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy and secondary bacterial infections due to immature immune responses and lack of prior immunity, unlike in adults. Vaccination is a proven way to reduce the risk of severe disease and hospitalization. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends annual influenza vaccinations for all children starting at 6 months of age, ideally by the end of October, but vaccination should continue as long as influenza viruses circulate and the vaccine is available.
Prevention remains paramount. Effective measures include frequent hand hygiene, cleaning high-touch surfaces and keeping sick children at home from school to limit transmission. Maintaining physical activity through indoor play and safe outdoor exercise also supports overall health.
